Spectrum Discipleship
Preface: After some thought, I’ve decided that I will continue the series I began on current trends of the church. However, I won’t continue them back-to-back. I want to wait to learn more about each trend before writing on it. Here at The Core Blog, we insist on quality.
Disclaimer: Before I give my shpiel (sp?) on Evangelism and Discipleship, I am going to head off a few criticisms at the pass. In my Post-Modernism post, I express an opinion of labels, that they tend to contain and limit the things they represent. When you call someone “mom” you don’t tend to think of her role as a colleague to someone, a daughter to someone, or a lover to someone (especially not that one.)
So here I am, about to assign some labels. But I want to justify it by a) warning you, dear reader, not to use these labels on a day-to-day basis, putting different colored stickers on everybody’s foreheads, and b) pointing out that everyone labels everyone else anyway, and that at least the labels I am about to explain represent a broader range, and a more accurate interpretation of real people.
By now, you must be absolutely dying to know what these labels are. I am reminded of a certain scene in Monty Python’s Quest for the Holy Grail where the narrator begins to ramble and an army of mercenaries shouts from a hilltop,
“GET ON WITH IT!!!” Fine.
Actual Post: Here are the labels we Christians are in the habit of assigning to those around us. SAVED. UNSAVED. Or perhaps, CHRISTIAN. PRE-CHRISTIAN. (that’s one I’m sure they love to be called. What if someone called you a Pre-Libertarian, or something?) Occasionally they’ll throw in other, sub-labels such as BABY CHRISTIAN or SEEKER to indicate salvation in the recent past, or anticipated in the near future.
When given so few labels to work with, the result shouldn’t surprise anybody. If you’ve only got two labels, then the only way to change is to go from one to the other. And the only people that can be credited with Real Ministry are those who cause people to make that shift.
I will name names here: like him or not (you’re free to pick,) Dr. D. James Kennedy made me angry when he dramatically inquired of his congregation and all those listening on radio or TV how many of them had led EVEN ONE person to Christ, ever. He condescendingly predicted that there were few who had. He’s referring to the privilege of overseeing the moment when someone sheds the UNSAVED label and takes the other one.
I suppose when one’s view is so bi-polar, so “us and them,” one can’t help but put all one’s eggs in the “conversion” basket. The resulting consequences are twofold:
1) God has clearly given His children various gifts, which do not all include the knack for converting people. These “have-nots” are portrayed as falling short, and develop either a permanent inferiority complex, or a determination to become someone that God never meant them to be.
2) If people are done changing once they’re saved, you’re bound to have a bunch of “Baby Christians” hanging around, failing to realize their true calling and power and identity in Christ. “Discipleship” is reduced to the process of knowledge-gathering, and true growth never happens.
It is not original for me to suggest that Evangelism and Discipleship are not two sides of a coin, but rather occur along a spectrum. I wish I know whose idea it was, but I don’t.
So here is how I have chosen to think about the process:
ATTACKER ~ RESISTER ~ LISTENER ~ EXPLORER ~ SEEKER * STUDENT ~ PARTNER ~ MENTOR ~ TEACHER ~ SAGE
That’s my Discipleship Spectrum. And there is a reason why I don’t call it an Evangelism-Discipleship Spectrum. I am redefining Discipleship to refer to any growth that occurs along this continuum. In other words, if you are helping anyone move from left to right, and a Resister becomes a Listener, or a Partner becomes a Mentor, then you are in the process of Making Disciples.
If you are a Christian, God has given you a gift that helps you relate better to some people along this scale than others. It behooves each of us to figure out what that gift is, and whether we are to use it directly or indirectly. Search your heart to make sure that you’re not copping out when it comes time to proclaim the name of Christ, but don’t try to pattern your gift for Discipleship after someone else. Every effort that helps move people up the scale is equally vital.
Let me finish by offering a definition of each label. If you can think of better words, or better definitions than these, let me know. Keep in mind, I am focusing more on individuals’ attitude toward Christ than toward Christianity.
ATTACKER: One who seeks opportunities to discredit the message and identity of Christ
RESISTER: One who avoids that message, and blocks efforts of others to share it.
LISTENER: One who feels neutral, and will listen politely but takes no real interest.
EXPLORER: One who is intrigued by Christ, but also by other forms of spirituality.
SEEKER: One who suspects that the message is true, and is willingly moving towards belief.
STUDENT: One who is now a follower of Christ, and is working to understand the basics of that relationship.
PARTNER: One who grasps the fundamentals of Christ’s message and identity, and can fully work and worship among the larger body of believers.
MENTOR: One who has advanced in understanding and has the ability and responsibility to guide a new believer in growth.
TEACHER: One who has experience in mentoring, and whose faith makes them a role-model for the body at large. (Note: this does not necessarily involve “teaching” in the professorial sense.)
SAGE: One whose faith has run the gamut over many years, and has deep understandings that can only be gained through myriad trials and blessings.
I recommend scrolling up at this point to read my “label disclaimer” again, before responding.
I also recommend Brian McLaren’s book on this topic, “More Ready Than You Realize.”
Labels: communication, spirituality



16 Comments:
I like that - I plan to discuss with David tonight and probably steal it if ever an occasion to use such labels arises.
Excellent synopsis. You know, i joked last night about you writing a book... but i think this is book material... or maybe a chapter of a book. My field of study (Communication), as well as most others, employ "theories" in helping to understand certain phenomena within that sphere of study. Of course, we "religious folk" don't need theories, because we have absolute truth. Heh heh. But i do believe we need theories, such as the one you have presented, to help us understand those truths. Thanks for your contribution to the understanding of roles and evangelism.
In light of Josh's opinion last night about the word "Listener" (that it wasn't neutral enough) I want to suggest replacing it with the word "Observer." A person who is not Resisting Christ, but also is not Exploring, is nevertheless still Observing. I think this is much more passive than Listening, and thus represents a more neutral state of being.
So that would make it:
ATTACKER ~ RESISTER ~ OBSERVER ~ EXPLORER ~ SEEKER * STUDENT ~ PARTNER ~ MENTOR ~ TEACHER ~ SAGE
I am also looking for a replacement for the words "Teacher" and "Sage." I don't like the first because it is too narrow. I'm thinking about "Role-Model" but that doesn't fit the active voice that the other words carry. I'm not sure about Sage because it sounds too mystic.
I don't think that "Observer" is particularly different from "Listener". Listening is merely observing through the ears. Observing could involve listening and/or watching, in this case, which would broaden it a little bit. So it's probably a good word change.
I don't know how i feel about the other two. "Teacher" isn't bad, but sometimes Christians may actually "teach" others before they are engaged in one-on-one discipleship, or mentorship, such as a Sunday school teacher or small group leader. Do you think the term "Elder" should be used in place of either teacher or sage? I definitely don't dig "role model", because every Christian is called to be that from day one, and you're right, it's too passive. "Pillar" is another term used in the NT to refer to those who are most mature in their faith, although it's not a very "American" word... it doesn't communicate well in our culture. I'll keep my mind open.
you guys must be a hoot to watch in real life - I get such a kick out of reading you go back and forth with this stuff. May God bless your church planting adventure :)
as for these labels..I think there are a myriad of options. I'm sure you'll get it down to a list that communicates fully what you're trying to say. I personally get the message either way.
and if you ever decide to write a book, let me know. we have a pastor friend who writes books and is brilliant, I actually did his site. I'm sure he'd be happy to impart his wisdom...he is a sage in my point of view...and for him, it's an appropriate word.
You know, maybe I like the word "Sage" after all...
In fact, maybe it's the only good one in the whole list.
So here's a new spectrum that I think will appeal especially to the ladies...
PARSLEY, SAGE, ROSEMARY & THYME.
:)
ladies..pshaw...*rolling eyes*
This post has been removed by a blog administrator.
Note: I deleted my previous comment and re-published it so I could make a correction.
I have now discovered that it was a man by the name of James F. Engel who developed the "Engel Scale" of evangelism and discipleship, which he introduced in a book called, "What's Gone Wrong With the Harvest?" (Zondervan, 1975.) Apparently Engel used a -8 to +5 scale, and describes the process leading up to conversion in frustrating detail. In fact, I believe it's so detailed that it can rarely be accurate. In fact, I think I'll just type the whole thing out right here FYI from the text of Engel's book, which can be found in its entirety at http://www.newwway.org/engel/harvest.htm:
-8 Awareness of Supreme Being but no effective knowledge of Gospel
-7 Initial awareness of Gospel
-6 Awareness of Fundamentals of Gospel
-5 Grasp of implications of Gospel
-4 Positive attitude toward Gospel
-3 Personal problem Recognition
-2 Decision to Act
-1 Repentance and faith in Christ
REGENERATION
+1 Post-decision evaluation
+2 Incorporation into Body
+3 Conceptual and behavioral growth
+4 Communion with God
+5 Stewardship
Engel follows this with the unenumerated concepts of internal and external Reproduction.
There are several reasons I like my spectrum better. 1) It's more concise and easy to remember. 2) It's less formulaic and mathematical. 3) It's balanced and not bogged down with details on one end. 4) The positive end of the spectrum focuses on one's role as one grows in the faith, and it allows you to continue moving up through practically your whole life, whereas you can grow yourself right off the Engel scale within a couple of years after conversion, maybe less. 5) The Engel scale seems to focus on one's attitude toward Christianity, rather than Christ Himself.
Additional thoughts?
Coreman, i agree that your spectrum is better than his, for the reasons you stated. Interestingly, the two are so completely different! I mean, they don't even correlate all that well. That's not a bad thing, it's just fascinating that two minds could come up with two totally different paradigms related to the same exact concept.
Not only is his too bogged down with details, i think it sort of misses the point. Your scale is more about attitude toward Christ, whereas his is more about knowledge of Christian principles. I think this is a perfect example of the difference between traditional/modern attitudes and postmodern attitudes regarding Christian faith. Although, a genuine postmodern take on all this would be that such a scale of any sort is irrelevant. I wouldn't go anywhere near that far, and i think that the intelligent postmodern would find at least some merit in it.
Good thoughts.
Oh, another difference is that your model addresses roles in the Kingdom, where his doesn't even touch on that.
This is my first response to a blog. Just wanted you all to know. Don't have anything to add right now...you all have it under control. So, just say "good job" to me and I'll try to have input next time.
Hey K!
Way to go! :) Welcome aboard!
Hey, another participant! K Wilmoth even!
I'm sure you'll have plenty to add as time goes on. Just stick with us. We definitely need some broader perspectives here.
Ok I'm late in this discussion. I like this. It's great to see someone else hating labels as much as I do. Everybody is on a journey of faith. My mentor, Gary Rohrmayer wrote a resource call Your Journey. His chart went like this.
Not Interested - aware but not interested
Curiously Seeking - Open to spirituality
Assertively Seeking - Taking positive steps to find needed answers
Faith Commitment - Have come to the realization that they are powerless to achieve God's favor and forgiveness
Actively Following - Have entered into a mentoring relationship with another Christian
Growing in Fellowship - Growing in intimacy with God through prayer and Bible Study
Making an Impact - Deeply intimate with God and practicing spiritual renewal skills
Another way of putting it is
Resisting
Questioning
Responding
Embracing
Adjusting
Stabilizing
Reproducing
I think the key is to see evangelism as a process not a one time thing. It's also a process that should continue after our faith commitment. Discipleship then, would be a continuation of our journey of faith. We never stop the faith journey. We just reach different mileposts.
"In our modern approaches to evangelism, we were interested in boiling the gospel down into a simple outline or a simple transaction. We were very oriented around events and decisions rather than processes and growth. What happens in the postmodern world is that we relax a lot, and we learn that evangelism is more about an ongoing conversation than it is about pressuring anyone to make an immediate decision that we could count as a conversion. So it's a much more natural process: it involves dialogue instead of monologue; it involves listening more than it involves talking; it is being willing to say "I don't know" rather than having all the answers. It's offering ourselves as what a friend of mine calls a "Christian consultant" who can help a spiritually seeking friend in their search."
- Brian McLaren, Leadership Journal
*NOTE I don't agree with everything Brian McLaren says. :)
Josh, yours and mine are pretty similar. One of my favorite things that make mine distinct is that Christian growth is focused on roles and responsibilities. If the highest role is "Reproducer" than it sort of defeats the spectrum by forcing you to think of a reproducer as one who simply oversees conversions. Also, sometimes the best reproducers are brand-new Christians. So I don't think that activity really fits at any particular point along the scale. I believe Christian Maturity is mostly a factor of the degree of one's capability to train others (in whatever form that may take) into greater Christlikeness.
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